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.po 0 1 WH┘ ┴ CHARACTE╥ SE╘ EDITOR┐ì ì Oε aε IBM-P├ o≥ compatiblσ compute≥ usinτ ß Colo≥ Graphic≤ Adapte≥ (CGA)¼ì therσ arσ severa∞ displa∙ modes« Yo⌡ caε havσ straigh⌠ tex⌠ iε severa∞ modes¼ì sucΦ a≤ 2╡ b∙ 4░ o≥ 2╡ b∙ 8░ iε eithe≥ blacδ ª whitσ o≥ color¼ o≥ yo⌡ caεì selec⌠ ß graphic≤ displa∙ mode« Iε graphics¼ however¼ yo⌡ stil∞ havσ thσì optioε oµ usinτ tex⌠ oε thσ screen« AlthougΦ thσ hardwarσ wil∞ no⌠ prin⌠ì character≤ t∩ thσ screen¼ thσ computer'≤ BIO╙ softwarσ i≤ capablσ oµ generatinτì thσ standarΣ letters¼ numbers¼ anΣ specia∞ character≤ oµ norma∞ ASCII«ì ì Al∞ thi≤ woulΣ bσ mundanσ unles≤ therσ wa≤ somethinτ yo⌡ coulΣ d∩ abou⌠ì changinτ thσ character≤ t∩ sui⌠ you≥ tastes« Fortunately¼ therσ i≤ ß wa∙ oµì doinτ this« Whilσ thσ norma∞ ASCI╔ character≤ arσ defineΣ fo≥ graphic≤ mode≤ì iε thσ BIOS¼ thσ extendeΣ ASCI╔ character≤ (thosσ character≤ witΦ code≤ì betweeε 12╕ anΣ 255⌐ arσ no⌠ defined¼ anΣ arσ availablσ fo≥ thσ programme≥ t∩ì use« Thus¼ whilσ iε graphic≤ mode¼ yo⌡ caε definσ anΣ displa∙ you≥ owε custoφì characters«ì ì Thσ onl∙ probleφ remaininτ i≤ ho≈ t∩ creatσ anΣ displa∙ thesσ characters« ì Drawinτ 12╕ differen⌠ shapes¼ eacΦ oµ whicΦ ha≤ 6┤ element≤ i≤ tediou≤ a⌠ì best¼ anΣ tellinτ thσ compute≥ ho≈ t∩ usσ theφ i≤ eveε morσ difficult« I⌠ i≤ì thesσ task≤ tha⌠ thσ program≤ iε thσ CHEDI╘ packagσ address«ì ì Thσ CHEDI╘ packagσ consist≤ oµ ß characte≥ editor anΣ librarie≤ oµ suppor⌠ì routine≤ tha⌠ allo≈ yo⌡ t∩ usσ thσ customizeΣ character≤ iε you≥ programs«ì ì Thσ requireΣ hardwarσ i≤ aε IBM-PC¼ XT¼ A╘ o≥ compatiblσ witΦ ß colo≥ graphic≤ì card« ┴ monochromσ tex⌠ adapte≥ carΣ i≤ no⌠ capablσ oµ usinτ thσ createΣì characte≥ sets or the CHEDIT program.ì ì .paè2 RUNNING THE CHEDIT PROGRAMì ì To run thσ CHEDI╘ prograφ, enter the following a⌠ thσ DO╙ prompt║ ì CHEDI╘ <filename╛ ì wherσ <filename╛ i≤ optional¼ anΣ i≤ thσ namσ oµ thσ characte≥ se⌠ yo⌡ wan⌠ì t∩ edit« Iµ aε extensioε i≤ no⌠ supplied¼ .CH╥ i≤ appendeΣ t∩ thσ filename«ì ì Upoε entr∙ t∩ thσ program¼ iµ ß characte≥ se⌠ namσ has no⌠ specifieΣ a⌠ thσ ì DO╙ promp⌠, o≥ iµ that file canno⌠ bσ found¼ yo⌡ arσ giveε severa∞ options:ì ì 1⌐ Ente≥ thσ namσ oµ thσ characte≥ se⌠ file« Iµ aε extensioε i≤ n∩ ì supplied, .CHR is appended to the filename.ì 2⌐ Enter ß Returε oε ß blanδ linσ t∩ creatσ ß ne≈ characte≥ set«ì 3⌐ Press thσ F▒ ke∙ t∩ selec⌠ ß namσ froφ ß director∙ listinτ oµ al∞ file≤ witΦ ß .CH╥ extension« Thσ Esπ ke∙ abor⌠s thσ director∙ selectioε process¼ anΣ behavσs a≤ iµ yo⌡ haΣ useΣ ß blanδ filename«ì 4) Press Esc to abort the program. ì ì Once a character set has been selected, the maiε men⌡ follows:ì ì 1⌐ Save thσ curren⌠ characte≥ set«ì Yo⌡ arσ askeΣ fo≥ ß name¼ anΣ iµ yo⌡ werσ already workinτ oε ß characte≥ set¼ a Returε press alone defaul⌠s t∩ thσ origina∞ name« Pressinτ Esπ returεs yo⌡ t∩ thσ maiε menu« Iµ thσ filenamσ doe≤ no⌠ havσ aε extension¼ .CH╥ i≤ appended before the file is saved. 2⌐ ReaΣ ß ne≈ characte≥ set«ì Iµ yo⌡ havσ donσ an∙ editing¼ whethe≥ o≥ no⌠ an∙ change≤ havσ actuall∙ì occured¼ yo⌡ are warneΣ iµ thσ curren⌠ characte≥ se⌠ ha≤ no⌠ beeε saved¼ì anΣ askeΣ iµ yo⌡ wan⌠ t∩ continue« Iµ yo⌡ selec⌠ No¼ yo⌡ are returneΣ t∩ì thσ maiε menu«ì Iµ yo⌡ continue¼ yo⌡ arσ askeΣ fo≥ thσ namσ oµ thσ characte≥ set« The ì filenamσ giveε i≤ checkeΣ fo≥ aε extensioε anΣ iµ nonσ i≤ founΣ .CH╥ isì appended« A Returε press by itself at the name prompt wil∞ returε yo⌡ t∩ thσ maiε menu« Pressinτ F▒ allo≈s yo⌡ t∩ selec⌠ ß director∙ t∩ bσ checkeΣ fo≥ .CH╥ files« Wheε thσ director∙ i≤ displayed¼ pressinτ Returε selec⌠s thσ currentl∙ highlighteΣ file¼ anΣ Esπ returεs yo⌡ t∩ thσ maiε menu«ì ì 3⌐ Edi⌠ Individua∞ characters (edit one character at a time)«ì Seσ thσ descriptioε oµ individua∞ characte≥ editinτ below«ì ì 4⌐ Edi⌠ Multiplσ characters (edit multiple characters at a time)«ì Seσ thσ descriptioε oµ multiplσ characte≥ editinτ below«ì .paìè5⌐ Changσ thσ curso≥ blinδ speed«ì Thσ defaul⌠ curso≥ iε CHEDI╘ blink≤ regularl∙ s∩ tha⌠ it≤ locatioε i≤ morσì visible« However¼ iµ yo⌡ d∩ no⌠ likσ thσ blinδ speed¼ o≥ d∩ no⌠ wan⌠ i⌠ t∩ì blinδ a⌠ all¼ thi≤ optioε wil∞ allo≈ yo⌡ t∩ changσ it« Yo⌡ are askeΣì t∩ selec⌠ froφ Slow¼ Regular¼ Fast¼ o≥ N∩ blinkinτ fo≥ you≥ cursor« Simpl∙ì pres≤ thσ indicateΣ letter¼ o≥ pres≤ Returε t∩ usσ thσ defaul⌠ regular«ì ì 6⌐ Qui⌠ thσ program«ì AlthougΦ Esπ wil∞ sto≡ thσ prograφ elsewhere¼ ß ╤ i≤ requireΣ t∩ exi⌠ thσì prograφ froφ thσ maiε menu« Thi≤ i≤ donσ becausσ Esπ i≤ useΣ t∩ returε froφì editinτ t∩ thσ maiε menu¼ anΣ ß doublσ characte≥ woulΣ sto≡ thσ prograφ beforσì yo⌡ havσ ß chancσ t∩ savσ you≥ work« Iµ yo⌡ havσ donσ an∙ editing¼ whethe≥ o≥ ì no⌠ an∙ change≤ havσ actuall∙ occured¼ yo⌡ are warneΣ iµ thσ curren⌠ ì characte≥ se⌠ ha≤ no⌠ beeε saved¼ anΣ askeΣ iµ yo⌡ wan⌠ t∩ continue« Iµ yo⌡ ì selec⌠ No¼ yo⌡ are returneΣ t∩ thσ maiε menu« .paè3 INDIVIDUAL CHARACTER EDITINGì ì Wheε Individua∞ characte≥ editinτ i≤ desired¼ onl∙ ▒ characte≥ i≤ displayeΣì iε largσ forma⌠ t∩ bσ modifieΣ a⌠ ß time« Thσ primar∙ advantagσ oµ thi≤ modσì i≤ tha⌠ i⌠ i≤ easie≥ t∩ seσ wha⌠ i≤ beinτ done¼ anΣ characte≥ selectioε i≤ì simpler« Thi≤ modσ i≤ useΣ primaril∙ wheε workinτ oε individua∞ characters¼ì sucΦ a≤ letter≤ iε aε alphabet¼ wheε yo⌡ wan⌠ t∩ seσ thσ maximuφ detail«ì ì Wheε editinτ individua∞ characters¼ thσ screeε ha≤ ┤ basiπ parts║ì ì 1⌐ ß displa∙ oµ al∞ programmablσ character≤ a⌠ thσ to≡ oµ thσ screen¼ì arrangeΣ iε ß ┤ b∙ 3▓ matrix¼ anΣ se⌠ ofµ froφ thσ res⌠ oµ thσ screeεì b∙ ß box«ì ì 2⌐ ß largσ bo° brokeε int∩ aε ╕ b∙ ╕ grid¼ whicΦ i≤ thσ largσ characte≥ì display« EacΦ littlσ bo° represent≤ ▒ pixe∞ iε thσ characte≥ beinτì edited«ì ì 3⌐ ß characte≥ box« Thi≤ i≤ thσ "life-sizeó characte≥ beinτ edited¼ì se⌠ apar⌠ froφ thσ res⌠ oµ thσ screeε iε it≤ owε box« Notσ tha⌠ thσì characte≥ se⌠ displayeΣ a⌠ thσ to≡ oµ thσ screeε i≤ updateΣ a≤ì character≤ arσ editeΣ a≤ well«ì ì 4⌐ ß tex⌠ area¼ wherσ informationa∞ messages¼ sucΦ a≤ currentl∙ì availablσ options¼ thσ codσ oµ thσ characte≥ beinτ edited¼ etc¼ arσì displayed«ì .paìè3.1 SELECTING A CHARACTER TO EDIT║ì Beforσ editinτ begins¼ yo⌡ mus⌠ selec⌠ ß characte≥ t∩ worδ oε froφ thσ se⌠ì displayeΣ a⌠ thσ to≡ oµ thσ screen« Pressinτ Esπ a⌠ thi≤ timσ wil∞ returεì yo⌡ t∩ thσ maiε menu«ì T∩ selec⌠ ß character¼ yo⌡ ma∙ eithe≥ movσ thσ highlighteΣ squarσ arounΣì thσ character≤ viß thσ curso≥ keys¼ o≥ pres≤ thσ ╬ (fo≥ numeric⌐ ke∙ t∩ì ente≥ thσ numeriπ codσ oµ thσ desireΣ character« Wheε movinτ thσ highlighteΣì square¼ thσ curren⌠ codσ oµ thσ character¼ alonτ witΦ ß largσ imagσ oµ thσì character¼ i≤ displayed«ì Wheε usinτ thσ curso≥ contro∞ key≤ oε thσ numeriπ keypad¼ botΦ thσ arro≈ì key≤ (2,4,6¼ anΣ 8⌐ anΣ thσ othe≥ key≤ (1,3,7¼ anΣ 9⌐ arσ active« Thσì arro≈ key≤ movσ thσ curso≥ iε thσ indicateΣ direction¼ whilσ thσ othe≥ì curso≥ key≤ movσ thσ curso≥ iε ß diagonal« Wheε thσ curso≥ passe≤ thσì boundar∙ oµ thσ displayeΣ characters¼ i⌠ wrap≤ bacδ t∩ thσ oppositσ sidσì oµ thσ display«ì Thσ numeriπ codσ fo≥ eacΦ characte≥ i≤ ß number¼ eithe≥ froφ ░ t∩ 127¼ o≥ì froφ 12╕ t∩ 255¼ representinτ thσ locatioε oµ thσ character« Thσ value≤ ░ì t∩ 12╖ represen⌠ thσ character'≤ locatioε iε thσ editinτ set¼ whilσ thσì value≤ 12╕ t∩ 25╡ represen⌠ thσ extendeΣ ASCI╔ codσ useΣ t∩ referencσ thσì characte≥ froφ variou≤ language≤ o≥ systeφ calls« Thσ routine≤ useΣì withiε thσ edito≥ wil∞ recognizσ eithe≥ code« Wheε usinτ thσ ╬ optioε iεì selectinτ characters¼ ß promp⌠ oµ "whicΦ code?ó appears¼ anΣ a⌠ thi≤ poin⌠ì yo⌡ ente≥ ß number« Thi≤ numbe≥ i≤ takeε modul∩ 128¼ anΣ thσ highlighteΣì squarσ i≤ placeΣ iε thi≤ characte≥ position«ì Wheε yo⌡ arσ satisfieΣ witΦ you≥ selection¼ pres≤ eithe≥ ╙ (fo≥ select⌐ o≥ Returε t∩ begiε editinτ thi≤ character«ì .paìè3.2 EDITING A CHARACTER║ì Therσ arσ man∙ option≤ availablσ whilσ editinτ characters¼ anΣ the∙ wil∞ì bσ discusseΣ iε functiona∞ group≤ below« Notσ tha⌠ fo≥ al∞ curso≥ movement,ì iµ thσ curso≥ i≤ moveΣ ofµ thσ edgσ oµ thσ character¼ i⌠ return≤ on the ì oppositσ side oµ thσ character« Fo≥ example¼ iµ thσ curso≥ i≤ moved up from the top row, it returns on the bottom row. 3.2.1 CURSOR MOVEMENT GROUPì (Usσ thσ ke∙ indicateΣ oε thσ numeriπ keypaΣ fo≥ thσ command)║ì ì DOW╬ - Als∩ thσ ▓ ke∙ oε thσ numeriπ keypad« Thi≤ move≤ thσ curso≥ ▒ ro≈ì dowε iε thσ characte≥ beinτ edited«ì U╨ - Als∩ thσ ╕ ke∙ oε thσ numeriπ keypad« Thi≤ move≤ thσ curso≥ ▒ ro≈ u≡ì iε thσ characte≥ beinτ edited«ì LEF╘ - Als∩ thσ ┤ ke∙ oε thσ numeriπ keypad« Thi≤ move≤ thσ curso≥ ▒ columεì lef⌠ iε thσ characte≥ beinτ edited«ì RIGH╘ ¡ Als∩ thσ ╢ ke∙ oε thσ numeriπ keypad« Thi≤ move≤ thσ curso≥ ▒ columεì righ⌠ iε thσ characte≥ beinτ edited«ì ì Thσ followinτ keys movσ thσ curso≥ in diagona∞ directions«ì ì HOM┼ ¡ Als∩ thσ ╖ ke∙ oε thσ numeriπ keypad« Thi≤ key¼ betweeε thσ U╨ anΣ LEF╘ì arrows¼ move≤ thσ curso≥ U╨ ▒ ro≈ anΣ LEF╘ ▒ column«ì PgU≡ ¡ Als∩ thσ ╣ ke∙ oε thσ numeriπ keypad« Thi≤ key¼ betweeε thσ U╨ anΣì RIGH╘ arrows¼ move≤ thσ curso≥ U╨ ▒ ro≈ anΣ RIGH╘ ▒ column«ì EN─ - Als∩ thσ ▒ ke∙ oε thσ numeriπ keypad« Thi≤ key¼ betweeε thσ DOW╬ anΣì LEF╘ arrows¼ move≤ thσ curso≥ DOW╬ ▒ ro≈ anΣ LEF╘ ▒ column«ì PgDε ¡ Als∩ thσ │ ke∙ oε thσ numeriπ keypad« Thi≤ key¼ betweeε thσ DOW╬ anΣì RIGH╘ arrows¼ move≤ thσ curso≥ DOW╬ ▒ ro≈ anΣ RIGH╘ ▒ column«ì ì .paìè3.2.2 "SPACEBARó GROUPì Thi≤ grou≡ oµ function≤ i≤ thσ basiπ mechanisφ fo≥ settinτ anΣ clearinτì pixel≤ iε ß character« Thσ command≤ iε thi≤ grou≡ arσì (Usσ thσ capita∞ lette≥ fo≥ thσ commanΣ itself)║ì ì SPACEBA╥ ¡ changσ thσ statσ oµ thσ pixel¼ accordinτ t∩ thσ modσ defineΣ ì below«ì Se⌠ modσ - wheε thσ spaceba≥ i≤ pressed¼ thσ curren⌠ pixe∞ i≤ setì (turned on). Clea≥ modσ ¡ wheε thσ spaceba≥ i≤ pressed¼ thσ curren⌠ pixe∞ i≤ cleareΣì (turneΣ off)«ì Xo≥ modσ ¡ wheε thσ spaceba≥ i≤ pressed¼ thσ curren⌠ pixe∞ i≤ Xor'eΣ witΦ ßì 'set'« Thσ resul⌠ i≤ tha⌠ thσ pixe∞ i≤ flippeΣ t∩ it≤ oppositσì state« i.e« ß se⌠ pixe∞ i≤ cleared¼ anΣ ß cleareΣ pixe∞ i≤ set«ì Notes on mode: 1) Xor is the default mode. 2⌐ Thσ Set¼ Clear¼ anΣ Xo≥ mode≤ arσ mutuall∙ exclusive, that is, you can only be in one of these modes at a time. Aut∩ modσ - wheε thσ curso≥ enter≤ ß ne≈ pixel¼ tha⌠ pixe∞ i≤ automaticall∙ì set/cleared/xor'Σ accordinτ t∩ thσ curren⌠ mode« Wheε thσ spacσ ba≥ i≤ pressed¼ thσ pixe∞ i≤ agaiε set/cleared/xored« Thi≤ i≤ usefu∞ wheε yo⌡ wan⌠ t∩ fli≡ thσ pixe∞ bacδ t∩ it≤ origina∞ statσ (xo≥ mode⌐ o≥ yo⌡ havσ jus⌠ selecteΣ aut∩ mode¼ iε whicΦ casσ thσ curren⌠ pixe∞ i≤ no⌠ set/cleared/xoreΣ (a≤ thσ curso≥ ha≤ no⌠ entereΣ ß ne≈ pixel)« 3.2.3 "WHOLE CHARACTERó GROUP (enter thσ capita∞ lette≥ fo≥ thσ command)║ Zer∩ - Zer∩ ou⌠ ß character« Thi≤ turn≤ ofµ al∞ pixel≤ iε ß character« Fil∞ - Fil∞ iε ß character« Thi≤ turn≤ oε al∞ pixel≤ iε ß character« Inversσ - Inver⌠ ß character« Thi≤ flip≤ thσ statσ oµ al∞ pixel≤ iε ß ì character« (i.e« al∞ oε pixel≤ arσ turneΣ off¼ anΣ al∞ ofµ pixel≤ ì are turneΣ on.⌐ 3.2.4 "NEXT-CHARACTERó GROUP (enter thσ capita∞ lette≥ fo≥ thσ command):ì ì Nex⌠ ¡ Ge⌠ anothe≥ characte≥ t∩ edit« Thσ procedurσ i≤ thσ samσ a≤ wheε yo⌡ì firs⌠ entereΣ individua∞ characte≥ editing«ì Ge⌠ ¡ Cop∙ (get⌐ thσ imagσ oµ anothe≥ characte≥ int∩ thσ curren⌠ character«ì Thσ procedurσ i≤ thσ samσ a≤ selectinτ ß characte≥ t∩ edi⌠ wheε yo⌡ì firs⌠ ente≥ individua∞ characte≥ editing« Iµ yo⌡ decidσ tha⌠ yo⌡ d∩ì no⌠ wan⌠ t∩ overwritσ thσ curren⌠ image¼ simpl∙ placσ thσ highlighteΣì squarσ oε thσ origina∞ characte≥ anΣ pres≤ return«ì Pu⌠ ¡ Cop∙ (put⌐ thσ imagσ oµ thσ curren⌠ characte≥ int∩ anothe≥ character«ì Thσ procedurσ i≤ thσ samσ a≤ selectinτ ß characte≥ t∩ edi⌠ wheε yo⌡ì firs⌠ ente≥ individua∞ characte≥ editing« Iµ yo⌡ decidσ tha⌠ yo⌡ d∩ì no⌠ wan⌠ t∩ overwritσ anothe≥ image¼ simpl∙ placσ thσ highlighteΣì squarσ oε thσ origina∞ imagσ anΣ pres≤ return«ì .paìè3.2.5 "MIRROR IMAGEó GROUP (enter thσ capita∞ lette≥ fo≥ thσ command)║ì ì Horizonta∞ mirro≥ ¡ changσ thσ curren⌠ characte≥ t∩ it≤ imagσ a≤ seeε iε ßì mirro≥ placeΣ oε it≤ horizonta∞ axis« Thσ to≡ ro≈ become≤ thσ las⌠ì row¼ thσ 2nΣ ro≈ become≤ thσ next-to-las⌠ row¼ etc« A≤ aε example¼ì thσ lette≥ A¼ wheε horizonta∞ mirrored¼ wpi;Σ bσ standinτ oε it≤ì point« Doinτ anothe≥ horizonta∞ mirro≥ wil∞ und∩ this¼ s∩ tha⌠ thσì ┴ point≤ upward≤ again«ì Vertica∞ mirro≥ ¡ Changσ thσ curren⌠ characte≥ t∩ it≤ imagσ a≤ seeε iε ßì mirro≥ placeΣ oε it≤ vertica∞ axis« Thσ leftmos⌠ columε become≤ thσì thσ rightmos⌠ column¼ thσ next-to-leftmos⌠ columε become≤ thσ next¡ì to-rightmos⌠ column¼ etc« A≤ aε example¼ thσ less-thaε symbol¼ <¼ì woulΣ becomσ thσ greater-thaε symbol¼ >¼ wheε vertica∞ mirrored«ì Doinτ anothe≥ vertica∞ mirro≥ wil∞ und∩ this¼ s∩ tha⌠ i⌠ become≤ ßì less-thaε symbo∞ again«ì Exchangσ ¡ exchangσ row≤ anΣ column≤ iε ß character« Thi≤ ha≤ thσ effec⌠ oµì mirrorinτ thσ characte≥ arounΣ ß diagona∞ froφ thσ uppe≥ lef⌠ t∩ thσì lowe≥ righ⌠ corne≥ oµ thσ characte≥ box« I⌠ mean≤ tha⌠ thσ to≡ ro≈ì become≤ thσ leftmos⌠ column¼ thσ 2nΣ ro≈ become≤ thσ next-to-leftmos⌠ì column¼ etc« Fo≥ example¼ aε exclamatioε point¼ !¼ wheε exchanged¼ì woulΣ bσ layinτ oε it≤ side¼ witΦ thσ bottoφ do⌠ oε thσ right« Doinτì anothe≥ exchangσ woulΣ und∩ this¼ s∩ tha⌠ i⌠ i≤ norma∞ again«ì ì 3.2.6 "ROTATE" GROUP (enter thσ functioε key≤ indicateΣ fo≥ thσ command)║ ì Al∞ rotatσ function≤ movσ thσ characte≥ withiε thσ box« An∙ ro≈ o≥ columε oµì pixel≤ tha⌠ i≤ rotateΣ "offó aε edgσ wrap≤ bacδ t∩ thσ oppositσ edge¼ t∩ fil∞ì thσ ro≈ o≥ columε tha⌠ i≤ lef⌠ vacan⌠ b∙ movinτ thσ character«ì ì F▒ ¡ Rotatσ thσ characte≥ ▒ ro≈ down«ì F▓ ¡ Rotatσ thσ characte≥ ▒ ro≈ up«ì F│ ¡ Rotatσ thσ characte≥ ▒ columε left«ì F┤ ¡ Rotatσ thσ characte≥ ▒ columε right«ì ì ì 3.2.7 "SHIFT" GROUP (enter thσ functioε key≤ indicateΣ fo≥ thσ command)║ì ì Al∞ shif⌠ function≤ movσ thσ characte≥ withiε thσ box« An∙ ro≈ o≥ columε oµì pixel≤ tha⌠ i≤ shifteΣ "offó aε edgσ i≤ lost« Thσ ro≈ o≥ columε oε thσì oppositσ edgσ tha⌠ i≤ lef⌠ vacan⌠ i≤ filleΣ witΦ blanks«ì ì F╡ ¡ Shif⌠ thσ characte≥ ▒ ro≈ down«ì F╢ ¡ Shif⌠ thσ characte≥ ▒ ro≈ up«ì F╖ ¡ Shif⌠ thσ characte≥ ▒ columε left«ì F╕ ¡ Shif⌠ thσ characte≥ ▒ columε right«ì .paìè3.3 "UNDOó FUNCTIONS (enter thσ capita∞ lette≥ fo≥ thσ command)║ì Thσ und∩ function≤ allo≈ yo⌡ t∩ erasσ ß mistakσ yo⌡ jus⌠ made¼ o≥ let yo⌡ experimen⌠ witΦ change≤ anΣ quickl∙ brinτ bacδ aε olde≥ versioε of the character if you don't like what you see.ì Und∩ ¡ und∩ thσ las⌠ changσ ONLY« Fo≥ example¼ iµ yo⌡ hi⌠ thσ ┌ (fo≥ Zero⌐ì key¼ thσ characte≥ wil∞ bσ erased¼ anΣ ╒ wil∞ restorσ thσ image« Iµì yo⌡ hi⌠ thσ ┌ ke∙ anΣ theε pres≤ thσ spaceba≥ (thu≤ setting/clearning»ì xorinτ ß pixel)¼ usinτ ╒ wil∞ onl∙ und∩ thσ changσ iε thσ individua∞ì pixel¼ no⌠ thσ eraseΣ character«ì Und∩ work≤ b∙ swappinτ image≤ witΦ thσ curren⌠ screeε image¼ s∩ì tha⌠ Und∩ wil∞ Und∩ itself«ì Wheε ß characte≥ i≤ firs⌠ calleΣ u≡ fo≥ editing¼ thσ Und∩ imagσ i≤ se⌠ì t∩ thσ origina∞ image¼ s∩ tha⌠ Und∩ wil∞ d∩ nothinτ unti∞ yo⌡ havσ madσì ß change«ì Thσ Restorσ commanΣ (seσ below⌐ ha≤ n∩ effec⌠ oε thσ saveΣ Und∩ image«ì Restorσ ¡ Likσ Undo¼ thi≤ commanΣ swap≤ thσ curren⌠ imagσ witΦ ß saveΣ image«ì Unlikσ thσ Und∩ command¼ however¼ thσ saveΣ imagσ i≤ no⌠ updateΣ witΦì ever∙ changσ oµ thσ character« Thσ saveΣ imagσ i≤ onl∙ changeΣ wheεì yo⌡ usσ Restorσ o≥ thσ Kee≡ commanΣ (seσ below)« Thus¼ yo⌡ caε star⌠ì editinτ ß character¼ Restorσ thσ origina∞ fo≥ comparison¼ Restorσì bacδ thσ editeΣ cop∙ anΣ continuσ editing« Or¼ afte≥ editing¼ Restorσì bacδ thσ original¼ edi⌠ thσ origina∞ int∩ anothe≥ versioε oµ thσì character¼ anΣ usσ Restorσ comparσ i⌠ t∩ thσ 1s⌠ versioε oµ thσì character«ì Sincσ botΦ Und∩ anΣ Restorσ swa≡ saveΣ image≤ witΦ thσ currentl∙ì displayeΣ image¼ thσ tw∩ function≤ ma∙ interac⌠ witΦ eacΦ other« Fo≥ì example¼ aε Und∩ wil∞ movσ thσ previou≤ imagσ t∩ thσ screen¼ anΣ pu⌠ì thσ curren⌠ imagσ iε thσ Und∩ buffer« ┴ Restorσ wil∞ theε movσ thσì screeε imagσ (froφ thσ Undo⌐ t∩ thσ Restorσ buffer¼ anΣ placσ thσì imagσ froφ thσ Restorσ buffe≥ ont∩ thσ screen« ┴ fina∞ Und∩ wil∞ theεì movσ thσ curren⌠ screeε image¼ whicΦ wa≤ iε thσ Restorσ buffer¼ int∩ì thσ Und∩ buffer¼ anΣ movσ thσ imagσ iε thσ Und∩ buffer¼ whicΦ wa≤ thσì origina∞ screeε image¼ bacδ t∩ thσ screen« Iε thi≤ way¼ thσ Und∩ì saveΣ imagσ anΣ thσ Restorσ saveΣ imagσ havσ beeε swapped¼ anΣ thσì screeε imagσ i≤ untouched«ì Kee≡ ¡ Kee≡ thσ curren⌠ screeε imagσ iε thσ Restorσ buffer« Thi≤ allow≤ yo⌡ì t∩ savσ ß cop∙ oµ thσ curren⌠ characte≥ fo≥ possiblσ late≥ restoration¼ì withou⌠ swappinτ screeε images«ì Origina∞ ¡ Replacσ thσ curren⌠ characte≥ imagσ witΦ thσ imagσ tha⌠ thσì characte≥ haΣ wheε i⌠ wa≤ firs⌠ selecteΣ fo≥ editing« Thi≤ i≤ thσì ultimatσ undo«ì .paìè3.4 "TRYOUT" MODE (enter "╘" for this function)║ì ì Thi≤ modσ allow≤ yo⌡ t∩ "tr∙ outó thσ curren⌠ characte≥ se⌠ b∙ allowingì yo⌡ to typσ character≤ ont∩ ß blanδ screen. Pres≤ing thσ Esπ ke∙ from this mode allows you t∩ returε t∩ editing«ì Wheε iε Tryi⌠ mode¼ thσ following key≤ oε thσ numeriπ keypaΣì Homσ U≡ PgU≡ì Righ⌠ Lef⌠ì EnΣ Dowε PgDεì movσ thσ cursor¼ witΦ Home¼ PgUp¼ End¼ anΣ PgDε movinτ thσ curso≥ iε ßì diagona∞ direction« Thσ curso≥ wrap≤ t∩ thσ oppositσ sidσ oµ thσ screeεì wheε i⌠ passe≤ thσ screeε boundary«ì Pleasσ notσ tha⌠ key≤ sucΦ a≤ Returε anΣ Backspacσ d∩ no⌠ havσ thei≥ì expecteΣ function« The∙ wil∞ insteaΣ displa∙ thσ symbo∞ associateΣ witΦì witΦ thσ ASCI╔ valuσ oµ tha⌠ key«ì ì Wheε Tryi⌠ modσ i≤ firs⌠ entered¼ thσ screeε wil∞ bσ filleΣ witΦ space≤ì (o≥ whateve≥ symbo∞ i≤ associateΣ witΦ thσ ASCI╔ valuσ 32)« Afte≥ yo⌡ì leavσ Tryit¼ cominτ bacδ late≥ wil∞ presen⌠ thσ screeε a≤ yo⌡ lef⌠ it«ì Thus¼ yo⌡ caε tr∙ ß blocδ oµ text¼ leavσ anΣ edi⌠ thσ characte≥ set¼ theεì returε anΣ seσ ho≈ thσ tex⌠ look≤ witΦ thσ ne≈ character≤ withou⌠ having to retype them.ì ì BotΦ thσ characte≥ se⌠ beinτ editeΣ anΣ thσ machine'≤ residen⌠ characte≥ì se⌠ arσ availablσ iε Tryi⌠ mode« Seσ thσ function≤ listeΣ belo≈ fo≥ì detail≤ oε usinτ both«ì ì Thσ followinτ function≤ arσ availblσ viß thσ indicateΣ functioε key≤ iεì Tryi⌠ mode║ì F▒ ¡ Clea≥ thσ screeε anΣ displa∙ botΦ thσ characte≥ se⌠ beinτ editeΣ anΣì thσ machine'≤ residen⌠ characte≥ set«ì F│ ¡ Clea≥ thσ screeε t∩ space≤ anΣ D╧ NO╘ replo⌠ thσ display« Thσì screeε doe≤ no⌠ re-plo⌠, t∩ givσ yo⌡ relieµ iε thσ even⌠ tha⌠ thσì spacσ characte≥ i≤ no⌠ blank«ì F▓ ¡ Togglσ 40/8░ columε mode« Thσ screeε start≤ ou⌠ witΦ 4░ columns¼ anΣì pressinτ thσ F▓ ke∙ wil∞ switcΦ thσ screeε t∩ 8░ column≤ anΣ back«ì Notσ tha⌠ character≤ entereΣ iε thσ righ⌠ halµ oµ thσ screeε iε 8░ì columε modσ wil∞ no⌠ bσ displayeΣ wheε yo⌡ switcΦ bacδ t∩ 4░ columεì mode¼ bu⌠ wil∞ stil∞ bσ therσ iµ yo⌡ switcΦ bacδ t∩ 8░ columns«ì Clearinτ thσ screeε viß eithe≥ F▒ o≥ F│ (seσ above⌐ wil∞ clea≥ thσì entirσ 8░ columns¼ eveε iµ yo⌡ arσ iε 4░ columε mode«ì F┤ ¡ Togglσ resident/editinτ characte≥ se⌠ oε thσ displayeΣ characters«ì Fo≥ example¼ Yo⌡ caε typσ ß sentencσ iε thσ editinτ characte≥ set¼ì pres≤ F┤ t∩ seσ i⌠ iε thσ machine'≤ residen⌠ characte≥ set¼ theεì pres≤ F┤ agaiε t∩ returε i⌠ t∩ thσ editinτ characte≥ set« Anothe≥ì examplσ i≤ t∩ usσ F▒ t∩ displa∙ botΦ characte≥ sets¼ theε F┤ t∩ì switcΦ them«ìè F╢ ¡ Togglσ resident/editinτ characte≥ se⌠ oε character≤ beinτ typed«ì Wheε yo⌡ ente≥ Tryi⌠ mode¼ thσ character≤ yo⌡ typσ arσ iε thσì editinτ characte≥ set« Pressinτ F╢ wil∞ changσ thσ character≤ì beinτ typeΣ t∩ thσ machine'≤ residen⌠ characte≥ set« Pressinτ F╢ì agaiε wil∞ changσ bacδ t∩ thσ editinτ characte≥ set«ì F╕ ¡ Changσ thσ colo≥ oµ character≤ beinτ typeΣ (4░ columε modσ only)«ì Wheε yo⌡ star⌠ iε Tryi⌠ mode¼ character≤ arσ white« Pressinτ F╕ì changσ thσ colo≥ oµ character≤ beinτ typeΣ froφ whitσ t∩ cyaε t∩ì magenta¼ anΣ bacδ t∩ white« Character≤ iε 8░ columε modσ arσì availablσ onl∙ iε white«ì F1░ ¡ Helpí Prin⌠ ß brieµ descriptioε oµ thσ availablσ functioε keys«ì ì ì 3.5 MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS (enter thσ indicateΣ key≤ fo≥ thσ command)║ì ì F1░ ¡ Thσ hel≡ key« I⌠ display≤ ß lis⌠ oµ thσ availablσ commands¼ anΣ ßì brieµ explanatioε oµ each« Thσ lis⌠ i≤ severa∞ page≤ long¼ anΣ yo⌡ì caε returε t∩ editinτ withou⌠ lookinτ througΦ thσ entirσ hel≡ lis⌠ b∙ì pressinτ thσ Esπ key«ì ì Esπ ¡ Wheε yo⌡ arσ editinτ ß character¼ yo⌡ caε returε t∩ thσ maiε men⌡ b∙ì pressinτ thσ Esπ key«ì .paìè4 MULTIPL┼ CHARACTER EDITINGì ì Wheε editinτ multiplσ characters¼ u≡ t∩ 3╡ character≤ iε ß ╡ b∙ ╖ matri°ì arσ displayeΣ iε largσ forma⌠ t∩ bσ editeΣ a⌠ once« Thσ primar∙ advantage≤ oµì thi≤ i≤ thσ abilit∙ t∩ edi⌠ picture≤ large≥ thaε ▒ character¼ anΣ thσ easσì iε whicΦ mult-characte≥ picture≤ o≥ borde≥ outlinσ character≤ ma∙ bσ aligned«ì Therσ i≤ ß smal∞ disadvantagσ iε tha⌠ eacΦ picturσ i≤ somewha⌠ smalle≥ anΣì harde≥ t∩ see¼ anΣ thσ selectioε proces≤ i≤ somewha⌠ morσ involved«ì ì Wheε editinτ multiplσ characters¼ thσ screeε ha≤ ╡ basiπ parts║ì ì 1⌐ ß displa∙ oµ al∞ programmablσ character≤ a⌠ thσ to≡ oµ thσ screen¼ ì arrangeΣ iε ß 4x3▓ matrix¼ anΣ se⌠ ofµ froφ thσ res⌠ oµ thσ screeε b∙ ßì box«ì ì 2⌐ thσ editinτ matrix¼ ß ╡ b∙ ╖ arra∙ oµ boxes¼ eacΦ oµ whicΦ i≤ brokeεì int∩ aε ╕ b∙ ╕ grid¼ whicΦ i≤ thσ largσ characte≥ display« EacΦ littlσì bo° represent≤ ▒ pixe∞ iε ß characte≥ beinτ edited«ì ì 3⌐ ß characte≥ box« Thi≤ i≤ thσ "life-sizeó picturσ oµ thσì character≤ beinτ edited¼ se⌠ apar⌠ froφ thσ res⌠ oµ thσ screeε iεì it≤ owε box« Notσ tha⌠ thσ characte≥ se⌠ displayeΣ a⌠ thσ to≡ì oµ thσ screeε i≤ updateΣ a≤ character≤ arσ editeΣ a≤ well«ì ì 4⌐ ß tex⌠ area¼ wherσ informationa∞ messages¼ sucΦ a≤ currentl∙ì availablσ option≤ arσ displayed«ì ì 5⌐ ß statu≤ area¼ wherσ thσ curren⌠ modσ oµ thσ spacσ ba≥ (set/clear/xor⌐ì anΣ thσ aut∩ statu≤ arσ displayed« Thi≤ i≤ iε thσ uppe≥ righ⌠ hanΣì corner«ì .paìè4.1 SELECTING MULTIPLE CHARACTERS TO EDITì Beforσ editinτ begins¼ yo⌡ mus⌠ selec⌠ thσ location≤ iε thσ editinτ matri°ì t∩ worδ on¼ anΣ thσ character≤ the∙ contain« Pressinτ Esπ a⌠ thi≤ timσ wil∞ì returε yo⌡ t∩ thσ maiε menu«ì Thσ firs⌠ ste≡ i≤ t∩ selec⌠ ß locatioε iε thσ editinτ grid« Onσ oµ thσì largσ editinτ boxe≤ wil∞ bσ highlighed¼ anΣ thi≤ highligh⌠ ma∙ bσ moveΣ witΦì thσ curso≥ keys« Thσ arro≈ key≤ (2,4,6¼ anΣ 8⌐ movσ thσ highlighteΣ bo°ì verticall∙ anΣ horizontally¼ whilσ thσ othe≥ key≤ (1,3,7¼ anΣ 9⌐ movσ thσì curso≥ iε ß diagonal« Wheε thσ highlighteΣ bo° goe≤ pas⌠ ß boundary¼ i⌠ wrap≤ì t∩ thσ oppositσ side« Wheε i⌠ i≤ iε thσ desireΣ location¼ yo⌡ ma∙ selec⌠ thσì characte≥ t∩ edi⌠ a⌠ thi≤ poin⌠ b∙ pressinτ eithe≥ ╙ (fo≥ Select⌐ o≥ Return« ì (Note║ AlthougΦ i⌠ ma∙ seeφ morσ "naturaló t∩ selec⌠ whicΦ characte≥ t∩ edi⌠ì anΣ theε it≤ location¼ thσ prograφ ha≤ yo⌡ selec⌠ thσ locatioε first¼ s∩ tha⌠ì i⌠ know≤ wherσ t∩ displa∙ thσ characte≥ beinτ selected.⌐ì Thσ nex⌠ ste≡ i≤ t∩ selec⌠ thσ characte≥ t∩ edi⌠ iε thi≤ location¼ eithe≥ì viß thσ curso≥ key≤ o≥ thσ ╬ (numeric⌐ option« ┴ highlighteΣ squarσ appear≤ì iε thσ character≤ a⌠ thσ to≡ oµ thσ screen¼ whicΦ i≤ moveΣ viß thσ curso≥ keys« ì Thσ arro≈ key≤ (2,4,6¼ anΣ 8⌐ movσ tha⌠ direction¼ whilσ thσ othe≥ key≤ì (1,3,7¼ anΣ 9⌐ movσ thσ bo° iε ß diagonal« Wheε thσ curso≥ passe≤ thσì boundar∙ oµ thσ displayeΣ characters¼ i⌠ wrap≤ bacδ t∩ thσ oppositσ sidσ oµì thσ display«ì Thσ numeriπ codσ fo≥ eacΦ characte≥ i≤ ß number¼ eithe≥ froφ ░ t∩ 12╖ o≥ì froφ 12╕ t∩ 255¼ representinτ thσ locatioε oµ thσ character« Thσ value≤ froφì ░ t∩ 12╖ represen⌠ thσ character'≤ locatioε iε thσ editinτ set¼ whilσ thσì value≤ 12╕ t∩ 25╡ represen⌠ thσ extendeΣ ASCI╔ codσ useΣ t∩ referencσ thσì thσ characte≥ froφ variou≤ language≤ o≥ systeφ calls« Thσ routine≤ useΣì withiε thσ edito≥ wil∞ recognizσ eithe≥ code« Wheε usinτ thσ ╬ optioε iεì selectinτ characters¼ ß promp⌠ oµ "?ó wil∞ appear¼ anΣ a⌠ thi≤ poin⌠ yo⌡ì ente≥ ß number« Thi≤ numbe≥ i≤ takeε modul∩ 128¼ anΣ thσ highlighteΣ squarσì i≤ placeΣ iε thi≤ characte≥ position«ì Wheε yo⌡ arσ satisfieΣ witΦ you≥ selection¼ pres≤ eithe≥ ╙ (fo≥ Select⌐ o≥ì Returε t∩ returε t∩ selectinτ editinτ locations« A⌠ thi≤ time¼ ß ne≈ì optioε become≤ available¼ tha⌠ oµ pressinτ ┼ t∩ Edi⌠ thσ currentl∙ selecteΣì characters« Iµ yo⌡ wisΦ t∩ kee≡ selectinτ characters¼ proceed witΦ selectinτì characte≥ locations¼ else pres≤ ┼ t∩ edi⌠ o≥ Esπ t∩ returε t∩ thσ maiε menu«ì Therσ arσ threσ thing≤ t∩ notσ a⌠ thi≤ point║ì 1⌐ ┴ characte≥ ma∙ bσ editeΣ a⌠ onl∙ ▒ locatioε iε thσ editinτ matrix« Iµì yo⌡ attemp⌠ t∩ edi⌠ thσ samσ characte≥ iε ▓ locations¼ yo⌡ arσ warneΣì "N∩ Duplicates"« Pres≤ an∙ ke∙ t∩ continuσ selectinτ characters«ì 2⌐ Onl∙ ▒ characte≥ ma∙ bσ editeΣ a⌠ ▒ locatioε iε thσ editinτ grid« Iµ yo⌡ì tr∙ t∩ selec⌠ ß seconΣ characte≥ fo≥ tha⌠ location¼ i⌠ overwrite≤ thσì origina∞ selection«ì 3⌐ Wheε yo⌡ movσ thσ highlighteΣ bo° iε thσ editinτ matrix¼ yo⌡ wil∞ finΣì tha⌠ thσ highlighteΣ squarσ iε thσ characte≥ se⌠ ha≤ moveΣ alonτ witΦì it« Thi≤ make≤ selectioε oµ block≤ oµ character≤ easy«ì .paìè4.2 EDITING MULTIPLE CHARACTERSì Al∞ oµ thσ option≤ availablσ whilσ editinτ individua∞ character≤ arσ also availablσ whilσ editinτ multiplσ characters¼ plu≤ many others. ì Fo≥ al∞ curso≥ movements¼ iµ thσ curso≥ i≤ moveΣ ofµ aε edgσ oµ thσ editinτì matrix¼ i⌠ returε oε thσ oppositσ sidσ oµ thσ matrix« Fo≥ example¼ iµ thσì curso≥ i≤ moveΣ ofµ thσ to≡ ro≈ oµ thσ to≡ oµ thσ editinτ matrix¼ i⌠ return≤ì oε thσ bottoφ ro≈ oµ thσ bottoφ oµ thσ matrix« Thσ curso≥ doe≤ no⌠ wra≡ì wheε i⌠ crosse≤ ß boundar∙ withiε thσ matrix«ì Thσ curso≥ i≤ no⌠ limiteΣ t∩ travelinτ withiε boxe≤ defineΣ iε thσ editinτì matrix (i.e«, thσ curso≥ caε bσ iε ß bo° withou⌠ ß characte≥ iε it)« Thi≤ì i≤ mos⌠ usefu∞ wheε Gettinτ additiona∞ character≤ t∩ edit« Seσ thσì descriptioε oµ thσ Ge⌠ commanΣ below«ì .paìè4.2.1 CURSOR MOVEMENT GROUP (enter thσ ke∙ indicateΣ oε thσ numeriπ keypaΣ fo≥ thσ command)║ì ì DOW╬ ¡ Als∩ thσ ▓ ke∙ oε thσ numeriπ keypad« Thi≤ move≤ thσ curso≥ ▒ ro≈ì dowε iε thσ characte≥ beinτ edited«ì U╨ ¡ Als∩ thσ ╕ ke∙ oε thσ numeriπ keypad« Thi≤ move≤ thσ curso≥ ▒ ro≈ u≡ì iε thσ characte≥ beinτ edited«ì LEF╘ ¡ Als∩ thσ ┤ ke∙ oε thσ numeriπ keypad« Thi≤ move≤ thσ curso≥ ▒ columεì lef⌠ iε thσ characte≥ beinτ edited«ì RIGH╘ ¡ Als∩ thσ ╢ ke∙ oε thσ numeriπ keypad« Thi≤ move≤ thσ curso≥ ▒ columεì righ⌠ iε thσ characte≥ beinτ edited«ì ì Thσ followinτ keys movσ thσ curso≥ iε diagona∞ directions«ì ì HOM┼ ¡ Als∩ thσ ╖ ke∙ oε thσ numeriπ keypad« Thi≤ key¼ betweeε thσ U╨ anΣ LEF╘ì arrows¼ move≤ thσ curso≥ U╨ ▒ ro≈ anΣ LEF╘ ▒ column«ì PgU≡ ¡ Als∩ thσ ╣ ke∙ oε thσ numeriπ keypad« Thi≤ key¼ betweeε thσ U╨ anΣì RIGH╘ arrows¼ move≤ thσ curso≥ U╨ ▒ ro≈ anΣ RIGH╘ ▒ column«ì EN─ ¡ Als∩ thσ ▒ ke∙ oε thσ numeriπ keypad« Thi≤ key¼ betweeε thσ DOW╬ anΣì LEF╘ arrows¼ move≤ thσ curso≥ DOW╬ ▒ ro≈ anΣ LEF╘ ▒ column«ì PgDε ¡ Als∩ thσ │ ke∙ oε thσ numeriπ keypad« Thi≤ key¼ betweeε thσ DOW╬ anΣì RIGH╘ arrows¼ move≤ thσ curso≥ DOW╬ ▒ ro≈ anΣ RIGH╘ ▒ column«ì ì Thσ curso≥ ma∙ als∩ bσ moveΣ onσ bo° iε thσ editinτ matri° a⌠ ß time¼ througΦì thσ usσ oµ thσ Al⌠ ke∙ anΣ thσ numeriπ keypad, as follows.ì ì Alt-DOW╬ ¡ (Alt-2)« Thi≤ move≤ thσ curso≥ ▒ bo° dowε iε thσ editinτ matrix«ì Alt-U╨ ¡ (Alt-8)« Thi≤ move≤ thσ curso≥ ▒ bo≈ u≡ iε thσ editinτ matrix«ì Alt-LEF╘ ¡ (Alt-4)« Thi≤ move≤ thσ curso≥ ▒ bo° lef⌠ iε thσ editinτ matrix«ì Alt-RIGH╘ ¡ (Alt-6)« Thi≤ move≤ thσ curso≥ ▒ bo° righ⌠ iε thσ editinτ matrix«ì ì Thσ follo≈ing keys movσ thσ curso≥ a box at a time in diagona∞ directions«ì ì Alt-HOM┼ ¡ (Alt-7)« Thi≤ move≤ thσ curso≥ ▒ bo° u≡ anΣ ▒ bo° lef⌠ iε thσì editinτ matrix«ì Alt-PgU≡ ¡ (Alt-9)« Thi≤ move≤ thσ curso≥ ▒ bo° u≡ anΣ ▒ bo° righ⌠ iε thσì editinτ matrix«ì Alt-EN─ ¡ (Alt-1)« Thi≤ move≤ thσ curso≥ ▒ bo° dowε anΣ ▒ bo° lef⌠ iε thσì editinτ matrix«ì Alt-PgDε ¡ (Alt-3)« Thi≤ move≤ thσ curso≥ ▒ bo° dowε anΣ ▒ bo° righ⌠ iε thσì editinτ matrix«ì .paìè4.2.2 "SPACEBARó GROUPì Thi≤ grou≡ oµ function≤ i≤ thσ basiπ mechanisφ fo≥ settinτ anΣ clearinτì pixel≤ iε thσ characters« Thσ command≤ iε thi≤ grou≡ arσ (usσ thσ capita∞ lette≥ fo≥ thσ commanΣ itself)║ì ì SPACEBA╥ ¡ changσ thσ statσ oµ thσ pixel¼ accordinτ t∩ thσ modσ defineΣ below«ì Se⌠ modσ ¡ wheε thσ spaceba≥ i≤ pressed¼ thσ curren⌠ pixe∞ i≤ se⌠ (turneΣ on)«ì Clea≥ modσ ¡ wheε thσ spaceba≥ i≤ pressed¼ thσ curren⌠ pixe∞ i≤ cleareΣì (turneΣ off)«ì Xo≥ modσ ¡ wheε thσ spaceba≥ i≤ pressed¼ thσ curren⌠ pixe∞ i≤ Xor'Σ witΦ ßì 'set'« Thσ resul⌠ i≤ tha⌠ thσ pixe∞ i≤ flippeΣ t∩ it≤ oppositσì state, i.e«, ß se⌠ pixe∞ i≤ cleared¼ anΣ ß cleareΣ pixe∞ i≤ set«ì Xo≥ modσ i≤ thσ defaul⌠ mode. ì For all modes in multiple character editing, thσ statσ oµ thσ pixe∞ i≤ changeΣ ONL┘ iµ thσ curso≥ i≤ iε ß locatioε iε thσ editinτ matri° tha⌠ ha≤ ß characte≥ iε it« Iµ i⌠ i≤ aε empt∙ location¼ thσ spacσ ba≥ ha≤ n∩ effect«ì Notes on mode: 1) Xor is the default mode. 2⌐ Thσ Set¼ Clear¼ anΣ Xo≥ mode≤ arσ mutuall∙ exclusive, that is, you can only be in one of these modes at a time. 3) Yo⌡ ma∙ no⌠ changσ mode≤ wheε thσ curso≥ i≤ iε aε empt∙ box«ì ì Aut∩ modσ ¡ Wheε thσ curso≥ enter≤ ß ne≈ pixel¼ tha⌠ pixe∞ i≤ automaticall∙ì set/cleared/xoreΣ accordinτ t∩ thσ curren⌠ mode¼ iµ thσ curso≥ì i≤ iε ß bo° tha⌠ ha≤ aε editinτ characte≥ iε it« Iµ thi≤ì locatioε iε thσ editinτ matri° i≤ empty¼ aut∩ modσ ha≤ n∩ effect«ì Wheε thσ spacσ ba≥ i≤ pressed¼ thσ pixe∞ i≤ agaiε set/cleared»ì xored« Thi≤ i≤ usefu∞ wheε yo⌡ wan⌠ t∩ fli≡ thσ pixe∞ bacδ t∩ì it≤ origina∞ statσ (xo≥ mode⌐ o≥ iµ yo⌡ havσ jus⌠ selecteΣ aut∩ì mode¼ iε whicΦ casσ thσ curren⌠ pixe∞ i≤ no⌠ set/cleared/xoreΣì (a≤ thσ curso≥ ha≤ no⌠ entereΣ ß ne≈ pixel)«ì Aut∩ modσ ma∙ bσ changeΣ wheε thσ curso≥ i≤ iε aε empt∙ box«ì ì 4.2.3 "WHOLE CHARACTERó GROUP (enter thσ capita∞ lette≥ fo≥ thσ command)║ì ì Zer∩ ¡ Zer∩ ou⌠ ß character« Thi≤ turn≤ ofµ al∞ pixel≤ iε thσ curren⌠ì character« Iµ thσ curso≥ i≤ iε aε empt∙ box¼ thi≤ commanΣ ha≤ n∩ì effect«ì Fil∞ ¡ Fil∞ iε ß character« Thi≤ turn≤ oε al∞ pixe∞s iε thσ curren⌠ character« Iµ thσ curso≥ i≤ iε aε empt∙ box¼ thi≤ commanΣ ha≤ n∩ effect«ì Inversσ ¡ Inver⌠ ß character« Thi≤ flip≤ thσ statσ oµ al∞ pixel≤ iε thσì curren⌠ character« Iµ thσ curso≥ i≤ iε aε empt∙ box¼ thi≤ commanΣ ha≤ n∩ effect«ì .paìè4.2.4 "ALL CHARACTERSó GROUP (enter thσ indicateΣ key≤ fo≥ thσ command)║ì ì Alt-┌ ¡ Zer∩ ou⌠ al∞ character≤ iε thσ curren⌠ editinτ matrix« Thi≤ turn≤ì ofµ al∞ pixel≤ iε al∞ characters« Thσ curso≥ doe≤ NO╘ havσ t∩ bσì iε ß useΣ locatioε iε thσ editinτ matrix«ì Alt-╞ ¡ Fil∞ iε al∞ character≤ iε thσ curren⌠ editinτ matrix« Thi≤ turn≤ì oε al∞ pixel≤ iε al∞ characters« Thσ curso≥ doe≤ NO╘ havσ t∩ bσì iε ß useΣ locatioε iε thσ editinτ matrix«ì Alt-╔ ¡ Inver⌠ al∞ character≤ iε thσ curren⌠ editinτ matrix« Thi≤ flip≤ thσì statσ oµ al∞ pixel≤ iε al∞ characters« Thσ curso≥ doe≤ NO╘ havσ t∩ì bσ iε ß useΣ locatioε iε thσ editinτ matrix«ì ì 4.2.5 "NEXT CHARACTERó GROUP (enter thσ capita∞ lette≥ fo≥ thσ command)║ì ì Nex⌠ ¡ Ge⌠ anothe≥ se⌠ oµ character≤ t∩ edit« Thσ procedurσ i≤ thσ samσ a≤ì wheε yo⌡ firs⌠ entereΣ multiplσ characte≥ editing«ì Ge⌠ ¡ Cop∙ (get⌐ thσ imagσ oµ anothe≥ characte≥ int∩ thσ curren⌠ character«ì Thσ proceudrσ i≤ thσ samσ a≤ selectinτ ß characte≥ t∩ edi⌠ afte≥ yo⌡ì havσ selecteΣ it≤ locatioε iε thσ editinτ matrix« Iµ yo⌡ decidσ tha⌠ì yo⌡ d∩ no⌠ wan⌠ t∩ overwritσ thσ curren⌠ image¼ simpl∙ placσ thσì highlighteΣ squarσ oε thσ origina∞ characte≥ anΣ pres≤ return«ì Wheε editinτ multiplσ characters¼ yo⌡ als∩ havσ thσ optioε t∩ extenΣì thσ lis⌠ oµ character≤ beinτ edited« Iµ thσ curso≥ i≤ iε aε unuseΣì locatioε iε thσ editinτ matrix¼ pressinτ ╟ wil∞ firs⌠ promp⌠ yo⌡ witΦì "into?"¼ anΣ allo≈ yo⌡ t∩ selec⌠ ß characte≥ t∩ edit¼ iε thσ samσì fashioε a≤ before« Then¼ yo⌡ arσ prompteΣ witΦ "from?"¼ a⌠ whicΦ timσì yo⌡ ma∙ als∩ initalizσ thσ editinτ characte≥ witΦ thσ imagσ froφì character« Pressinτ ╙ o≥ Returε ß 2nΣ timσ withou⌠ movinτ thσì highlighteΣ squarσ wil∞ usσ thσ curren⌠ imagσ oµ thσ character«ì A≤ before¼ yo⌡ ma∙ onl∙ edi⌠ ß characte≥ iε ▒ locatioε iε thσ editinτì matrix« Iµ yo⌡ attemp⌠ t∩ edi⌠ ß characte≥ ß 2nΣ time¼ yo⌡ wil∞ bσì warneΣ "N∩ Duplicates"«ì Pu⌠ ¡ Cop∙ (put⌐ thσ imagσ oµ thσ curren⌠ characte≥ int∩ anothe≥ character«ì Thσ procedurσ i≤ thσ samσ a≤ selectinτ ß characte≥ t∩ edi⌠ afte≥ yo⌡ì havσ selecteΣ it≤ locatioε iε thσ editinτ matrix« Iµ yo⌡ decidσ tha⌠ì yo⌡ d∩ no⌠ wan⌠ t∩ overwritσ anothe≥ image¼ simpl∙ placσ thσì highlighteΣ squarσ oε thσ origina∞ imagσ anΣ pres≤ return«ì .paìè4.2.6 "MIRROR-IMAGEó GROUP (enter thσ capita∞ lette≥ fo≥ thσ command)║ì ì Horizonta∞ mirro≥ ¡ changσ thσ characte≥ currentl∙ beinτ editeΣ t∩ it≤ imagσì a≤ seeε iε ß mirro≥ placeΣ oε it≤ horizonta∞ axis« Thσ to≡ ro≈ become≤ì thσ las⌠ row¼ thσ 2nΣ ro≈ become≤ thσ next-to-las⌠ row¼ etc« A≤ aεì example¼ thσ lette≥ A¼ wheε horizontall∙ mirrored¼ woulΣ bσ standinτ oεì it≤ point« Doinτ anothe≥ horizonta∞ mirro≥ wil∞ und∩ this¼ s∩ tha⌠ thσì ┴ point≤ upward≤ again« Iµ thσ curso≥ i≤ iε aε empt∙ box¼ thi≤ commanΣì ha≤ n∩ effect«ì Vertica∞ mirro≥ ¡ changσ thσ characte≥ currentl∙ beinτ editeΣ t∩ it≤ imagσì a≤ seeε iε ß mirro≥ placeΣ oε it≤ vertica∞ axis« Thσ leftmos⌠ columεì become≤ thσ rightmos⌠ column¼ thσ next-to-leftmos⌠ columε become≤ thσì next-to-rightmos⌠ column¼ etc« A≤ aε example¼ thσ less-thaε symbol¼ <¼ì woulΣ becomσ thσ greater-thaε symbol¼ >¼ wheε vertica∞ mirrored« Doinτì anothe≥ vertica∞ mirro≥ wil∞ und∩ this¼ s∩ tha⌠ i⌠ become≤ ß less-thaεì symbo∞ again« Iµ thσ curso≥ i≤ iε aε empt∙ box¼ thi≤ commanΣ ha≤ n∩ì effect«ì Exchangσ ¡ exchangσ row≤ anΣ column≤ iε thσ characte≥ currentl∙ beinτ edited«ì Thi≤ ha≤ thσ effec⌠ oµ mirrorinτ thσ characte≥ arounΣ ß diagona∞ froφ thσì uppe≥ lef⌠ t∩ thσ lowe≥ righ⌠ corne≥ oµ thσ charcte≥ box« I⌠ mean≤ tha⌠ì thσ to≡ ro≈ become≤ thσ leftmos⌠ column¼ thσ 2nΣ ro≈ become≤ thσì next-to-leftmos⌠ column¼ etc« Fo≥ example¼ aε exclamatioε point¼ !¼ wheεì exchanged¼ woulΣ bσ layinτ oε it≤ side¼ witΦ thσ bottoφ do⌠ oε thσ right« ì Doinτ anothe≥ exchangσ woulΣ und∩ this¼ s∩ tha⌠ i⌠ i≤ norma∞ again«ì .paìè4.2.7 "ALTER-EVERYTHING" GROUP (enter thσ indicateΣ key≤ fo≥ thσ command)║ì Alt-╚ ¡ horizonta∞ mirro≥ al∞ character≤ beinτ edited« Thσ effec⌠ oε eacΦì characte≥ i≤ a≤ describeΣ above¼ anΣ thσ relativσ position≤ oµ al∞ì character≤ arσ changeΣ s∩ tha⌠ thσ imagσ a≤ ß wholσ i≤ mirrored«ì Thσ curso≥ doe≤ no⌠ havσ t∩ bσ iε aε occupieΣ locatioε iε thσ editinτì matri° fo≥ thi≤ command«ì Alt-╓ ¡ vertica∞ mirro≥ al∞ character≤ beinτ edited« Thσ effec⌠ oε eacΦì characte≥ i≤ a≤ describeΣ above¼ anΣ thσ relativσ position≤ oµ al∞ì character≤ arσ changeΣ s∩ tha⌠ thσ imagσ a≤ ß wholσ i≤ mirrored«ì Thσ curso≥ doe≤ no⌠ havσ t∩ bσ iε aε occupieΣ locatioε iε thσ editinτì matri° fo≥ thi≤ command«ì Alt-┼ ¡ exchangσ row≤ anΣ column≤ fo≥ al∞ character≤ beinτ edited« Thσ effec⌠ì oε eacΦ characte≥ i≤ a≤ describeΣ above¼ anΣ thσ relativσ position≤ oµì al∞ character≤ arσ changeΣ s∩ tha⌠ thσ imagσ a≤ ß wholσ i≤ mirrored«ì A≤ thσ editinτ matri° i≤ no⌠ square¼ thi≤ commanΣ wil∞ repor⌠ "to∩ì man∙ columnsó iµ therσ i≤ an∙ characte≥ iε thσ 6tΦ o≥ 7tΦ columε anΣì wai⌠ fo≥ ß keypres≤ beforσ continuing« Thσ curso≥ doe≤ no⌠ havσ t∩ bσì iε aε occupieΣ locatioε iε thσ editinτ matri° fo≥ thi≤ command«ì ì CAVEAT║ Al∞ oµ thσ abovσ command≤ changσ thσ locatioε oµ thσ character≤ iε thσì editinτ matrix¼ whicΦ caε havσ unwanteΣ effect≤ iε somσ circumstances«ì Iµ yo⌡ usσ onσ oµ thσ abovσ commands¼ theε usσ thσ Ge⌠ commanΣ t∩ adΣì ß characte≥ t∩ thσ editinτ matri° I╬ TH┼ ORIGINA╠ POSITIO╬ O╞ ON┼ O╞ì TH┼ CHARACTER╙ THA╘ WA╙ MOVED¼ anΣ theε usσ Alt-Restorσ o≥ì Alt-Original¼ thσ prograφ wil∞ attemp⌠ t∩ movσ thσ character≤ bacδ t∩ì thei≥ origina∞ position« Thσ resul⌠ i≤ tha⌠ thσ characte≥ tha⌠ wa≤ì addeΣ overlay≤ thσ origina∞ characte≥ iε tha⌠ position« Nothinτ ha≤ì beeε hur⌠ insidσ you≥ characte≥ set¼ thσ origina∞ characte≥ i≤ simpl∙ì unavailablσ fo≥ singlσ characte≥ command≤ (multi-characte≥ command≤ì worδ fairl∙ normally)«ì Therσ arσ severa∞ possiblσ solution≤ t∩ thi≤ problem¼ nonσ oµ whicΦì we finΣ satisfactory« 1⌐ Yo⌡ coulΣ bσ prohibiteΣ froφ Gettinτì character≤ int∩ boxe≤ tha⌠ woulΣ bσ overlaiΣ b∙ Alt-╥ o≥ Alt-O¼ bu⌠ì tha⌠ i≤ to∩ arbitrar∙ ß restriction« 2⌐ Gettinτ ß characte≥ int∩ì sucΦ ß bo° coulΣ meaε tha⌠ thσ correspondinτ characte≥ wil∞ no⌠ bσì moveΣ iε aε Alt-╥ o≥ Alt-O¼ bu⌠ tha⌠ defeat≤ thσ purposσ oµ thσì "undoó commands« 3⌐ thσ ne≈ characte≥ coulΣ bσ moved¼ bu⌠ a≤ thσì prograφ doe≤ no⌠ kno≈ wha⌠ thσ transformatioε i≤ betweeε thσ curren⌠ì anΣ thσ restoreΣ location≤ (a≤ therσ caε bσ man∙ Alt-H¼ Alt-V¼ anΣì Alt-┼ command≤ betweeε thσ storeΣ location≤ anΣ thσ curren⌠ locations)¼ì thσ placemen⌠ oµ thσ ne≈ characte≥ woulΣ havσ t∩ bσ arbitrary« Thi≤ì messe≤ u≡ you≥ nea⌠ arrangement« Iµ yo⌡ havσ ß gooΣ suggestion for this "problem"¼ we woulΣ likσ t∩ hea≥ about it«ì .paìè4.2.8 "ROTATE" GROUP (enter thσ functioε key≤ indicateΣ fo≥ thσ command)║ì ì Al∞ rotatσ function≤ movσ thσ characte≥ withiε it≤ box« An∙ ro≈ o≥ columεì oµ pixel≤ tha⌠ i≤ rotateΣ "offó aε edgσ wrap≤ bacδ t∩ thσ oppositσ edge¼ì t∩ fil∞ thσ ro≈ o≥ columε tha⌠ i≤ lef⌠ vacan⌠ b∙ movinτ thσ character«ì Iµ thσ curso≥ i≤ iε aε empt∙ box¼ thσ commanΣ ha≤ n∩ effect«ì ì F▒ ¡ Rotatσ thσ characte≥ ▒ ro≈ down«ì F▓ ¡ Rotatσ thσ characte≥ ▒ ro≈ up«ì F│ ¡ Rotatσ thσ characte≥ ▒ columε left«ì F┤ ¡ Rotatσ thσ characte≥ ▒ columε right«ì ì 4.2.9 "SHIFT" GROUP (enter thσ functioε key≤ indicateΣ fo≥ thσ command)║ì ì Al∞ shif⌠ function≤ movσ thσ characte≥ withiε it≤ box« An∙ ro≈ o≥ columεì oµ pixel≤ tha⌠ i≤ shifteΣ "offó aε edgσ i≤ lost« Thσ ro≈ o≥ columε oε thσì oppositσ edgσ tha⌠ i≤ lef⌠ vacan⌠ i≤ filleΣ witΦ blanks« Iµ thσ curso≥ i≤ iε aε empt∙ box¼ thσ commanΣ ha≤ n∩ effect«ì ì F╡ ¡ Shif⌠ thσ characte≥ ▒ ro≈ down«ì F╢ ¡ Shif⌠ thσ characte≥ ▒ ro≈ up«ì F╖ ¡ Shif⌠ thσ characte≥ ▒ columε left«ì F╕ ¡ Shif⌠ thσ characte≥ ▒ columε right«ì ì 4.2.10 "ROTATE ROW" GROUP (enter thσ key≤ indicateΣ fo≥ thσ function)║ì ì Al∞ ro≈ rotatσ function≤ rotatσ aε entirσ ro≈ oµ character≤ iε thσ editinτì matri° a≤ iµ the∙ werσ onσ extendeΣ character« OccupieΣ boxe≤ d∩ no⌠ havσ t∩ì bσ contiguous« An∙ ro≈ o≥ columε tha⌠ i≤ rotateΣ "offó aε edgσ wrap≤ bacδ t∩ì thσ oppositσ edge¼ t∩ fil∞ thσ ro≈ o≥ columε tha⌠ wa≤ lef⌠ vacant«ì Thσ curso≥ doe≤ no⌠ havσ t∩ bσ iε aε occupieΣ locatioε t∩ usσ thesσ commands«ì ì Ctrl-F▒ ¡ rotatσ al∞ character≤ iε thσ curren⌠ matri° ro≈ dowε onσ row«ì Ctrl-F▓ ¡ rotatσ al∞ character≤ iε thσ curren⌠ matri° ro≈ u≡ onσ row«ì Ctrl-F│ ¡ rotatσ al∞ character≤ iε thσ curren⌠ matri° ro≈ lef⌠ onσ column«ì Ctrl-F┤ ¡ rotatσ al∞ character≤ iε thσ curren⌠ matri° ro≈ righ⌠ onσ column«ì ì 4.2.11 "SHIFT ROW" GROUP (enter thσ key≤ indicateΣ fo≥ thσ function)║ì ì Al∞ ro≈ shif⌠ function≤ shif⌠ aε entirσ ro≈ oµ character≤ iε thσ editinτì matri° a≤ iµ the∙ werσ onσ extendeΣ character« OccupieΣ boxe≤ d∩ no⌠ havσ t∩ì bσ contiguous« An∙ ro≈ o≥ columε tha⌠ i≤ shifteΣ "offó aε edgσ i≤ lost« Thσì ro≈ o≥ columε oε thσ oppositσ edgσ tha⌠ wa≤ lef⌠ vacan⌠ i≤ filleΣ witΦì blanks« Thσ curso≥ doe≤ no⌠ havσ t∩ bσ iε aε occupieΣ locatioε t∩ usσ thesσ commands«ì ì Ctrl-F╡ ¡ shif⌠ al∞ character≤ iε thσ curren⌠ matri° ro≈ dowε onσ row«ì Ctrl-F╢ ¡ shif⌠ al∞ character≤ iε thσ curren⌠ matri° ro≈ u≡ oε row«ì Ctrl-F╖ ¡ shif⌠ al∞ character≤ iε thσ curren⌠ matri° ro≈ lef⌠ onσ column«ì Ctrl-F╕ ¡ shif⌠ al∞ character≤ iε thσ curren⌠ matri° ro≈ righ⌠ onσ column«ì .paìè4.2.12 "ROTATE COLUMN" GROUP (enter thσ key≤ indicateΣ fo≥ thσ function)║ì ì Al∞ columε rotatσ function≤ rotatσ aε entirσ columε oµ character≤ iε thσì editinτ matri° a≤ iµ the∙ werσ onσ extendeΣ character« OccupieΣ boxe≤ d∩ no⌠ì havσ t∩ bσ contiguous« An∙ ro≈ o≥ columε tha⌠ i≤ rotateΣ "offó aε edgσ wrap≤ì bacδ t∩ thσ oppositσ edge¼ t∩ fil∞ thσ ro≈ o≥ columε tha⌠ wa≤ lef⌠ vacant«ì Thσ curso≥ doe≤ no⌠ havσ t∩ bσ iε aε occupieΣ locatioε t∩ usσ thesσ commands«ì ì Shift-F▒ ¡ rotatσ al∞ character≤ iε thσ curren⌠ matri° columε dowε onσ row«ì Shift-F▓ ¡ rotatσ al∞ character≤ iε thσ curren⌠ matri° columε u≡ onσ row«ì Shift-F│ ¡ rotatσ al∞ character≤ iε thσ curren⌠ matri° columε lef⌠ onσ column«ì Shift-F┤ ¡ rotatσ al∞ character≤ iε thσ curren⌠ matri° columε righ⌠ onσ column«ì ì 4.2.13 "SHIFT COLUMN" GROUP (enter thσ key≤ indicateΣ fo≥ thσ function)║ì ì Al∞ columε shif⌠ function≤ shif⌠ aε entirσ columε oµ character≤ iε thσ editinτì matri° a≤ iµ the∙ werσ onσ extendeΣ character« OccupieΣ boxe≤ d∩ no⌠ havσ t∩ì bσ contiguous« An∙ ro≈ o≥ columε tha⌠ i≤ shifteΣ "offó aε edgσ i≤ lost« Thσì ro≈ o≥ columε oε thσ oppositσ edgσ tha⌠ wa≤ lef⌠ vacan⌠ i≤ filleΣ witΦ blanks«ì Thσ curso≥ doe≤ no⌠ havσ t∩ bσ iε aε occupieΣ locatioε t∩ usσ thesσ commands«ì ì Shift-F╡ ¡ shif⌠ al∞ character≤ iε thσ curren⌠ matri° columε dowε onσ row«ì Shift-F╢ ¡ shif⌠ al∞ character≤ iε thσ curren⌠ matri° columε u≡ onσ row«ì Shift-F╖ ¡ shif⌠ al∞ character≤ iε thσ curren⌠ matri° columε lef⌠ onσ column«ì Shift-F╕ ¡ shif⌠ al∞ character≤ iε thσ curren⌠ matri° columε righ⌠ onσ column«ì ì 4.2.14 "ROTATE MATRIX" GROUP (enter thσ key≤ indicateΣ fo≥ thσ function)║ì ì Al∞ matri° rotatσ function≤ rotatσ al∞ character≤ iε thσ editinτ matri° a≤ iµì the∙ werσ onσ extendeΣ character« OccupieΣ boxe≤ d∩ no⌠ havσ t∩ bσ contiguous«ì An∙ ro≈ o≥ columε tha⌠ i≤ rotateΣ "offó aε edgσ wrap≤ bacδ t∩ thσ oppositσì edge¼ fillinτ thσ ro≈ o≥ columε tha⌠ wa≤ lef⌠ vacant« Thσ curso≥ doe≤ no⌠ havσ t∩ bσ iε aε occupieΣ locatioε t∩ usσ thσ commands«ì ì Alt-F▒ ¡ rotatσ thσ entirσ matri° dowε onσ row«ì Alt-F▓ ¡ rotatσ thσ entirσ matri° u≡ onσ row«ì Alt-F│ ¡ rotatσ thσ entirσ matri° lef⌠ onσ column«ì Alt-F┤ ¡ rotatσ thσ entirσ matri° righ⌠ onσ column«ì ì 4.2.15 "SHIFT MATRIX" GROUP (enter thσ key≤ indicateΣ fo≥ thσ function)║ì ì Al∞ matri° shif⌠ functioε shif⌠ al∞ character≤ iε thσ editinτ matri° a≤ iµì the∙ werσ onσ extendeΣ character« OccupieΣ boxe≤ d∩ no⌠ havσ t∩ bσ contiguous«ì An∙ o≥ o≥ columε tha⌠ i≤ shifteΣ "offó aε edgσ i≤ lost« Thσ ro≈ o≥ columεì oε thσ oppositσ edgσ tha⌠ wa≤ lef⌠ vacan⌠ i≤ filleΣ witΦ blanks«ì Thσ curso≥ doe≤ no⌠ havσ t∩ bσ iε aε occupieΣ locatioε t∩ usσ thσ commands«ì ì Alt-F╡ ¡ shif⌠ thσ entirσ matri° dowε onσ row«ì Alt-F╢ ¡ shif⌠ thσ entirσ matri° u≡ onσ row«ì Alt-F╖ ¡ shif⌠ thσ entirσ matri° lef⌠ onσ column«ì Alt-F╕ ¡ shif⌠ thσ entirσ matri° righ⌠ onσ column«ì .paìè4.3 UNDO FUNCTIONS Thσ und∩ function≤ allo≈ yo⌡ t∩ erasσ ß mistakσ yo⌡ jus⌠ made¼ o≥ let yo⌡ experimen⌠ witΦ change≤ anΣ quickl∙ brinτ bacδ aε olde≥ versioε of the characters if you don't like what you see.ì 4.3.1 "UNDOó GROUP (enter thσ capita∞ lette≥ fo≥ thσ command)║ì ì Und∩ ¡ und∩ thσ las⌠ changσ ONLY« Fo≥ example¼ yo⌡ hi⌠ thσ ┌ (fo≥ Zero⌐ key¼ì thσ characte≥ wil∞ bσ erased¼ anΣ ╒ wil∞ restorσ thσ image« Iµ yo⌡ì hi⌠ thσ ┌ ke∙ anΣ theε pres≤ thσ spaceba≥ (thu≤ setting/clearing/xorinτì ß pixel)¼ usinτ ╒ wil∞ onl∙ und∩ thσ changσ iε thσ individua∞ pixel¼ì no⌠ thσ eraseΣ character« The cursor does not have to be in an occupied location to use the Undo command.ì Und∩ work≤ b∙ swappinτ image≤ witΦ thσ curren⌠ screeε image¼ s∩ thatì Und∩ wil∞ Und∩ itself. Wheε ß characte≥ i≤ firs⌠ calleΣ u≡ fo≥ editing¼ thσ Und∩ imagσ i≤ se⌠ t∩ thσ origina∞ image¼ s∩ tha⌠ Und∩ wil∞ d∩ nothinτ unti∞ yo⌡ havσ madσ ß change«ì Thσ Restorσ commanΣ (seσ below⌐ ha≤ n∩ effec⌠ oε thσ saveΣ Und∩ image«ì Undo¼ wheε doinτ multiplσ characte≥ editing¼ wil∞ Und∩ AL╠ character≤ì a⌠ once« Thus¼ iµ yo⌡ usσ Alt-µ (anΣ fil∞ al∞ character≤ beinτ edited)¼ì Und∩ wil∞ restorσ al∞ oµ them¼ no⌠ jus⌠ thσ curren⌠ character« AlthougΦì i⌠ migh⌠ bσ nicσ iµ eacΦ characte≥ haΣ it'≤ owε Und∩ (alonτ witΦ ßì globa∞ Undo)¼ fo≥ variou≤ technica∞ reason≤ i⌠ i≤ no⌠ practical« ì Restorσ ¡ Likσ Undo¼ thi≤ commanΣ swap≤ thσ curren⌠ screeε imagσ witΦ ß saveΣì image« Unlikσ thσ Und∩ command¼ however¼ restorσ affect≤ onl∙ onσì characte≥ a⌠ ß time¼ anΣ thσ curso≥ mus⌠ bσ iε ß occupieΣ location«ì Als∩ unlikσ thσ und∩ command¼ thσ saveΣ imagσ i≤ no⌠ updateΣ witΦì ever∙ changσ oµ thσ character« Thσ saveΣ imagσ i≤ onl∙ changeΣì wheε yo⌡ usσ thσ Restore¼ Alt-╥ (seσ below)¼ thσ Kee≡ commanΣ (seσì below)¼ o≥ Alt-╦ (seσ below)« Thus¼ yo⌡ caε star⌠ editinτ ß character¼ì Restorσ thσ origina∞ fo≥ comparison¼ Restorσ bacδ thσ editeΣ cop∙ anΣì continuσ editing« Or¼ afte≥ editing¼ Restorσ bacδ thσ original¼ edi⌠ì thσ origina∞ int∩ anothe≥ versioε oµ thσ character¼ anΣ usσ Restorσì t∩ comparσ i⌠ t∩ thσ 1s⌠ versioε oµ thσ character«ì Sincσ botΦ Und∩ anΣ Restorσ swa≡ saveΣ image≤ witΦ thσ currentl∙ì displayeΣ image¼ thσ tw∩ function≤ ma∙ interac⌠ witΦ eacΦ other« Fo≥ì example¼ aε Und∩ wil∞ movσ thσ previou≤ imagσ t∩ thσ screen¼ anΣ pu⌠ì thσ curren⌠ imagσ int∩ thσ und∩ buffer« ┴ Restorσ wil∞ theε movσ thσì screeε imagσ (froφ thσ Undo⌐ t∩ thσ Restorσ buffer¼ anΣ placσ thσì imagσ froφ thσ Restorσ buffe≥ ont∩ thσ screen« ┴ fina∞ Und∩ wil∞ theεì movσ thσ curren⌠ screeε image¼ whicΦ wa≤ iε thσ Restorσ buffer¼ int∩ì thσ Und∩ buffer¼ anΣ movσ thσ imagσ iε thσ Und∩ buffer¼ whicΦ wa≤ thσì origina∞ screeε image¼ bacδ t∩ thσ screen« Iε thi≤ way¼ thσ Und∩ì saveΣ imagσ anΣ thσ Restorσ saveΣ imagσ havσ beeε swapped¼ anΣ thσì screeε imagσ i≤ untouched«ì Kee≡ ¡ kee≡ thσ curren⌠ screeε imagσ iε thσ Restorσ buffer« Thi≤ allow≤ yo⌡ì t∩ savσ ß cop∙ oµ thσ curren⌠ characte≥ fo≥ possiblσ late≥ restoration¼ì withou⌠ swappinτ screeε images« Kee≡ wil∞ affec⌠ onl∙ onσ character¼ì anΣ thσ curso≥ mus⌠ bσ iε aε occupieΣ editinτ matri° location.ìè Origina∞ ¡ replacσ thσ curren⌠ characte≥ imagσ witΦ thσ imagσ tha⌠ thσì characte≥ haΣ wheε i⌠ wa≤ fo≥ selecteΣ fo≥ editing« Thi≤ i≤ thσì ultimatσ undo« Origina∞ wil∞ onl∙ affec⌠ onσ character¼ anΣ thσ curso≥ì mus⌠ bσ iε aε occupieΣ editinτ matri° location«ì 4.3.2 "UNDO EVERYTHINGó GROUP (enter thσ indicateΣ key≤ fo≥ thσ function)║ì ì Und∩ ¡ Und∩ affect≤ al∞ character≤ beinτ edited« Seσ thσ abovσ descriptioεì fo≥ details«ì Alt-╥ ¡ Restorσ al∞ character≤ beinτ edited« Thi≤ commanΣ i≤ likσ thσ Restorσ discusseΣ above¼ excep⌠ tha⌠ al∞ curren⌠ image≤ arσ swappeΣ witΦ thσì saveΣ images« Thσ samσ comment≤ a≤ abovσ apply¼ excep⌠ tha⌠ thσì curso≥ doe≤ no⌠ havσ t∩ bσ iε aε occupieΣ locatioε iε thσ editinτì matrix«ì Alt-╦ ¡ Kee≡ thσ curren⌠ imagσ oµ al∞ character≤ beinτ editeΣ iε thσ Restorσì buffer« Thσ samσ comment≤ a≤ fo≥ Kee≡ above¼ excep⌠ tha⌠ thσ curso≥ì doe≤ no⌠ havσ t∩ bσ iε aε occupieΣ locatioε iε thσ editinτ matrix«ì Alt-╧ ¡ replacσ al∞ curren⌠ screeε image≤ witΦ thσ image≤ tha⌠ thσ character≤ì haΣ wheε the∙ werσ firs⌠ selecteΣ fo≥ editing« Thi≤ i≤ thσì ultimatσ undo« Thσ curso≥ doe≤ no⌠ havσ t∩ bσ iε aε occupieΣ locatioεì iε thσ editinτ matri° fo≥ thi≤ command«ì Pleasσ refe≥ t∩ thσ cavea⌠ concerninτ thesσ function≤ in section 4.2.7. .paìè4.4 "TRYOUT" MODE (enter "╘" fo≥ thσ function)║ì ì Thi≤ modσ allow≤ yo⌡ t∩ "tr∙ outó thσ curren⌠ characte≥ se⌠ b∙ lettinτì yo⌡ typσ character≤ ont∩ ß blanδ screen. Pres≤ing thσ Esπ ke∙ while in Tryout mode returns you to editing.ì Wheε iε Tryi⌠ mode¼ thσ key≤ oε thσ numeriπ keypaΣì Homσ U≡ PgU≡ì Righ⌠ Lef⌠ì EnΣ Dowε PgDεì movσ thσ cursor¼ witΦ Home¼ PgUp¼ End¼ anΣ PgDε movinτ thσ curso≥ iε ßì diagona∞ direction« Thσ curso≥ wrap≤ t∩ thσ oppositσ sidσ oµ thσ screeεì wheε i⌠ passe≤ thσ screeε boundary« Pleasσ notσ tha⌠ key≤ sucΦ a≤ Returε anΣ Backspacσ d∩ no⌠ havσ thei≥ expecteΣ function« The∙ wil∞ insteaΣ displa∙ thσ symbo∞ associateΣ witΦ witΦ thσ ASCI╔ valuσ oµ tha⌠ key«ì ì Wheε Tryi⌠ modσ i≤ firs⌠ entered¼ thσ screeε wil∞ bσ filleΣ witΦ space≤ì (o≥ whateve≥ symbo∞ i≤ associateΣ witΦ thσ ASCI╔ valuσ 32)« Afte≥ yo⌡ì leavσ Tryit¼ cominτ bacδ late≥ wil∞ presen⌠ thσ screeε a≤ yo⌡ lef⌠ it«ì Thus¼ yo⌡ caε tr∙ ß blocδ oµ text¼ leavσ anΣ edi⌠ thσ characte≥ set¼ theεì returε anΣ seσ ho≈ thσ tex⌠ look≤ witΦ thσ ne≈ character≤ withou⌠ having to retype them.ì ì BotΦ thσ characte≥ se⌠ beinτ editeΣ anΣ thσ machine'≤ residen⌠ characte≥ì se⌠ arσ availablσ iε Tryi⌠ mode« Seσ thσ function≤ listeΣ belo≈ fo≥ì detail≤ oε usinτ both«ì ì Thσ followinτ function≤ arσ availablσ viß thσ indicateΣ functioε key≤ iεì Tryi⌠ mode║ì F▒ ¡ Clea≥ thσ screeε anΣ displa∙ botΦ thσ characte≥ se⌠ beinτ editeΣ anΣì thσ machine'≤ residen⌠ characte≥ set«ì F│ ¡ Clea≥ thσ screeε t∩ space≤ anΣ D╧ NO╘ replo⌠ thσ display« Thσì screeε doe≤ no⌠ replo⌠, t∩ givσ yo⌡ relieµ iε thσ even⌠ tha⌠ thσì spacσ characte≥ i≤ no⌠ blank«ì F▓ ¡ Togglσ 40/8░ columε mode« Thσ screeε start≤ ou⌠ witΦ 4░ columns¼ anΣì pressinτ thσ F▓ ke∙ wil∞ switcΦ thσ screeε t∩ 8░ column≤ anΣ back«ì Notσ tha⌠ character≤ entereΣ iε thσ righ⌠ halµ oµ thσ screeε iε 8░ì columε modσ wil∞ no⌠ bσ displayeΣ wheε yo⌡ switcΦ bacδ t∩ 4░ columεì mode¼ bu⌠ wil∞ stil∞ bσ therσ iµ yo⌡ switcΦ bacδ t∩ 8░ columns«ì Clearinτ thσ screeε viß eithe≥ F▒ o≥ F│ (seσ above⌐ wil∞ clea≥ thσì entirσ 8░ columns¼ eveε iµ yo⌡ arσ iε 4░ columε mode«ì F┤ ¡ Togglσ resident/editinτ characte≥ se⌠ oε thσ displayeΣ characters«ì Fo≥ example¼ Yo⌡ caε typσ ß sentencσ iε thσ editinτ characte≥ set¼ì pres≤ F┤ t∩ seσ i⌠ iε thσ machine'≤ residen⌠ characte≥ set¼ theεì pres≤ F┤ agaiε t∩ returε i⌠ t∩ thσ editinτ characte≥ set« Anothe≥ì examplσ i≤ t∩ usσ F▒ t∩ displa∙ botΦ characte≥ sets¼ theε F┤ t∩ì switcΦ them«ì .paè F╢ ¡ Togglσ resident/editinτ characte≥ se⌠ oε character≤ beinτ typed«ì Wheε yo⌡ ente≥ Tryi⌠ mode¼ thσ character≤ yo⌡ typσ arσ iε thσì editinτ characte≥ set« Pressinτ F╢ wil∞ changσ thσ character≤ì beinτ typeΣ t∩ thσ machine'≤ residen⌠ characte≥ set« Pressinτ F╢ì agaiε wil∞ changσ bacδ t∩ thσ editinτ characte≥ set«ì F╕ ¡ Changσ thσ colo≥ oµ character≤ beinτ typeΣ (4░ columε modσ only)«ì Wheε yo⌡ star⌠ iε Tryi⌠ mode¼ character≤ arσ white« Pressinτ F╕ì changσ thσ colo≥ oµ character≤ beinτ typeΣ froφ whitσ t∩ cyaε t∩ì magenta¼ anΣ bacδ t∩ white« Character≤ iε 8░ columε modσ arσì availablσ onl∙ iε white«ì F1░ ¡ Helpí Prin⌠ ß brieµ descriptioε oµ thσ availablσ functioε keys«ì ì ì 4.5 MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS (enter thσ indicateΣ key≤ fo≥ thσ command)║ì ì F1░ ¡ Thσ hel≡ key« I⌠ display≤ ß lis⌠ oµ thσ availablσ commands¼ anΣ ßì brieµ explanatioε oµ each« Thσ lis⌠ i≤ severa∞ page≤ long¼ anΣ yo⌡ì caε returε t∩ editinτ withou⌠ lookinτ througΦ thσ entirσ hel≡ lis⌠ì b∙ pressinτ thσ Esπ key«ì F╣ ¡ Thi≤ wil∞ displa∙ thσ characte≥ code≤ (describeΣ above⌐ superimposeΣì oε thσ character≤ iε thσ editinτ matrix« Thi≤ let≤ yo⌡ kno≈ thσì code≤ t∩ usσ late≥ iε displayinτ thσ image≤ yo⌡ havσ created« Pressinτì an∙ ke∙ wil∞ returε yo⌡ t∩ editing«ì Esπ ¡ Wheε yo⌡ arσ editinτ charcters¼ yo⌡ caε returε t∩ thσ maiε men⌡ b∙ì pressinτ thσ Esπ key«ì END OF DOCUMENT